Here's a great poem, written by America's greatest poet, who was an eyewitness to what he writes about.

The ArtillerymanÂ’s Vision

While my wife at my side lies slumbering, and the wars are over long,
And my head on the pillow rests at home, and the vacant midnight passes,
And through the stillness, through the dark, I hear, just hear, the breath of my infant,
There in the room, as I wake from sleep, this vision presses upon me:
The engagement opens there and then, in fantasy unreal;
The skirmishers begin—they crawl cautiously ahead—I hear the irregular snap! snap!
I hear the sounds of the different missiles—the short t-h-t! t-h-t! of the rifle balls;
I see the shells exploding, leaving small white clouds—I hear the great shells shrieking as they pass;
The grape, like the hum and whirr of wind through the trees, (quick, tumultuous, now the contest rages!)
All the scenes at the batteries themselves rise in detail before me again;
The crashing and smoking—the pride of the men in their pieces;
The chief gunner ranges and sights his piece, and selects a fuse of the right time;
After firing, I see him lean aside, and look eagerly off to note the effect;
—Elsewhere I hear the cry of a regiment charging—(the young colonel leads himself this time, with brandish’d sword
I see the gaps cut by the enemyÂ’s volleys, (quickly fillÂ’d up, no delay
I breathe the suffocating smoke—then the flat clouds hover low, concealing all;
Now a strange lull comes for a few seconds, not a shot fired on either side;
Then resumed, the chaos louder than ever, with eager calls, and orders of officers;
While from some distant part of the field the wind wafts to my ears a shout of applause, (some special success
And ever the sound of the cannon, far or near, (rousing, even in dreams, a devilish exultation, and all the old mad joy, in the depths of my soul
And ever the hastening of infantry shifting positions—batteries, cavalry, moving hither and thither;
(The falling, dying, I heed not—the wounded, dripping and red, I heed not—some to the rear are hobbling;
Grime, heat, rush—aid-de-camps galloping by, or on a full run;
With the patter of small arms, the warning s-s-t of the rifles, (these in my vision I hear or see,)
And bombs busting in air, and at night the vari-colorÂ’d rockets.

Yesterday in the comments to my post about Shelby Foote's death i mentioned how i am fascinated by the differences between our own time and the way people lived in the time of the Civil War.

We all have a pretty good idea of how soldiers fight today. Heck, we've grown up watching war on tv. But it's almost impossible for most of us to imagine how men fought during the Civil War. It must have taken a special kind of courage and discipline to march side by side with a bunch of other men towards a line of cannon and guns.

Posted by: annika at 08:03 AM | Comments (4) | Add Comment
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Shelby Foote died this morning in Memphis at age 88.

Shelby Foote was the man. About two years ago, i had the pleasure of finishing his Proustian three volume history, The Civil War: A Narrative. It took me nine months of reading to finish it, and like having a baby i imagine, it was both painful and rewarding at the same time.

You may be familiar with Mr. Foote from his talking head appearances in Ken Burns' Civil War series on PBS. His folksy style and always interesting anecdotes were what interested me in his writings originally. So i bought his short novel Shiloh, which was not bad. With my membership in the History Book Club, and a few surplus bonus points, i purchased the 14 volume illustrated Time Life version of the Civil War narrative. i intended to just look at the pretty pictures, set them on a shelf to impress friends with, and maybe pass them on to my kids someday. i never intended to read it.

i saw Ken Burns' documentary, i have two history degrees, i thought i knew enough about the Civil War. And besides, my concentration was always WWII and postwar history. CW history was for the real history geeks, not me. Still, one day i picked up the first volume of the Time Life set during an idle moment, and read a few paragraphs. Amazing. That led to a few chapters and pretty soon i was committed.

The Narrative is very readable -- Foote was a novelist first -- but it is also very detailed. Having read it, i realize now how superficial the Ken Burns documentary was. And that thing was like 12 hours long! To do full justice to the huge subject that is the American Civil War takes time. A lot of time. But as has been said so often, you can't truly understand America without understanding the Civil War. And i do believe that.

It helps to have an interest in military history, though. Because Foote's history describes every single battle and campaign from both a micro and macro perspective. The macro is often the most esoteric, and difficult material. But along with that stuff, there's plenty of personal, political and biographical detail, which makes the Narrative the most comprehensive popular history of the Civil War that will ever be published.

i worked through it partly for the challenge. i knew the general outline of the war, and i knew i had to get to the big events. Sumter, the Bull Runs, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, Emancipation, Sherman's march, Appomatox, Ford's Theater, etc. But i learned so much along the way that i had to finish it. To my surprise, i found that some of my favorite subject matter was the history of naval operations during the war. That's a much deeper subject than just the Monitor vs. Virginia battle. Some of the shit that happened on the rivers is pretty unbelievable.

Anyways, i would love to have shaken Shelby Foote's hand and thanked him for having written that huge work, which kept me enthralled for the better part of a year. i almost consider him a professor of mine, because through his books i became a Civil War buff, which i was not before i started.

More: And in the great minds think alike department: The Maximum Leader also wishes he could have shaken the celebrated author's hand.

Posted by: annika at 01:46 PM | Comments (11) | Add Comment
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1 Classy post, Annika. I saw the most of the Burns documentary, and I found Foote wonderful to listen to, very knowledgeable and very HUMAN. Big applause to you for reading his entire CW set of books. I go to book stores often and stare at his CW set like a climber does Mt. Everest. One would love to complete the challenge, but you know in advance that it will be a sacrifice. I will miss him, despite not reading his work. A sad testament of humanity is that we acknowledge our greatest people AFTER their death.

Posted by: Mark at June 28, 2005 04:22 PM (Vg0tt)

2 Mark, that everest analogy made me smile. That's exactly it! i did that too during many a stop at Barnes & Noble's history section. But i finally bit the bullet, and you can too. i boast a little because i am sort of proud of myself for having read the whole thing. The thing about WWII is that you can really learn a lot about it from movies and the History Channel without having to crack a book. But that's not so with the Civil War. Historically accurate movies are really hard to find, and there's not that much on the History channel. Unlike WWII the world back then was too different from our own time, and that puts people off. But the differences are what fascinate me the most, along with the great characters: Lincoln, Grant, Lee, Jackson, MacLellan. i've fallen off on my Civil War reading in the last year or two, but it's a great fun subject.

Posted by: annika at June 28, 2005 04:48 PM (zAOEU)

3 "A sad testament of humanity is that we acknowledge our greatest people AFTER their death." Shit Mark, it's widely known, that he had chicks out the ying-yang. Maybe the hardest thing about comprehending the civil war is understanding the zeitgeist. I grew up in an abolitionist stronghold that produced Joshua Giddings & Benjamin Wade, founders of the Republican Party. Wade was the President of the Senate during Andrew Johnson's impeachment, and so was one vote shy of replacing him. Today, the county is a democrat boil on the ass of the rustbelt. C'est la vie.

Posted by: Casca at June 28, 2005 05:22 PM (qBTBH)

4 Yeah Foote was great, even though I often got tired of the civil war, i did like his narration. I am intrigued that you have two history degrees, I have an economics degree, and after 25 years i have gone back to get a second degree in history to write about history from an economic perspective. BTW I am currently writing this while the president is giving his address. I may be a silly man, but his voice seems soothing to me. Can you imagine what i would be feeling if i were hearing the halting disembodied brahminisim of Kerry, or the shrill hate speach of Hillary?

Posted by: Kyle at June 28, 2005 05:30 PM (7Re84)

5 imagine what it would have been like to hear the high-pitched country-bumpkin accent of Abraham Lincoln. But his words live forever don't they?

Posted by: annika at June 28, 2005 06:34 PM (dtHLB)

6 Annie: I'm impressed. Anyone that finished that American/Russian Novel will have no trouble slogging through year two of law school. You should be able to do it on your hip.

Posted by: shelly at June 28, 2005 06:56 PM (pO1tP)

7 "Shelby Foote was the man" I agree. I am in the middle of Volume II. Robots, basketball, air-conditioning and now the Civil War. You are become more perfect every day.

Posted by: Jake at June 28, 2005 07:35 PM (r/5D/)

8 "Today, the county is a democrat boil on the ass of the rustbelt." And I thought Annika was the only poet here.

Posted by: Mark at June 28, 2005 11:07 PM (xKJ2p)

9 I loved the Narrative. I never found it bursensome. I especially liked the flashes of humor that revealed so much of the character in the personalities of the Civil War. Here is one incident related by Foote that comes immediately to mind: At the beginning of the War, when many Southern career officers in the old Army were resigning their commissions to join the Confederate army, Sherman sees George Thomas, a Virginian, leaving the War Department, and assumes the worse. "George, where are you going?" he asks. "I'm going south, Bill" Thomas responds. "But George, I vouched for you to the War Department. You're putting me in a terrible spot," Sherman complained. "Not to worry, Bill," Thomas responded, "I'm going south at the head of my troops."

Posted by: Ralphyboy at June 29, 2005 12:33 AM (BYNGx)

10 "...CW history was for the real history geeks, not me." lol - guess again Annika! But we still love you

Posted by: jimilove at June 29, 2005 04:47 AM (BN/Fu)

11 In general, Ken Burns' series was excellent and Shelby Foote's contributions were critical to its success. The one big criticism I have about the series is that apart for touching very briefly on the subject when discussing the origin of Arlington National Cemetery, essentially no mention is made of the thousands of southerners who remained loyal to the union, and took up arms against their relatives and former friends. Don't forget that so many counties in Virginia stayed loyal to the union that the state of West Virginia was formed. This is also one of the reasons why the union had far more men available despite populations that were much closer. I know that southerners in general don't like to be reminded of this extremely important historical fact, but by ignoring it, Burns and Foote left out the most emotional and fundamental part of the story.

Posted by: Edward Cole at August 07, 2005 08:48 PM (DVf2A)

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Today, i quote something i wrote when i first started blogging:

While you're looking at the Dannebrog, it might be a good time to note that the Danish flag is the oldest national flag in the world. It has been in use since the 1200's. Legend says that King Valdemar the Victorious was fighting a battle against the Estonians on St Viti's Day in 1219. The Estonians had thrown all their best warriors at the Danish and their attack was succeeding. The Danish were on the retreat when they received a sign from God: the Dannebrog floating down out of the sky! The Danish soldiers caught the flag and then fought back with renewed strength, eventually defeating the Estonians with the help of the 'Sign of the Cross.'

The day of the battle is still celebrated in Denmark as Valdemar's Day, which falls on June 15th. Everyone in Denmark displays the flag on that day, just like we do in the U.S. on our own Flag Day, June 14th.

Posted by: annika at 07:12 AM | Comments (5) | Add Comment
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John Hawkins has a post about the Greatest Americans of all time. Allow me to mention a forgotten great American, who didn't make anybody's list, without whom life would be very different all over the world.

The man is Willis Haviland Carrier, the father of air conditioning.

In 1902, fresh out of Cornell University and working as an engineer at Buffalo Forge Co., Carrier developed the world's first modern air conditioner, combining temperature and humidity control in one system, for a Brooklyn, NY, printing plant. He earned a patent for this system design in 1906. His air conditioner used a centrifugal system, under low pressure, to gather air through a filter and pass that air over coolant-filled coils. That cooled and dehumidified air was directed at its target location while warmer air around the motor was vented out of the location. The technology behind Carrier's air conditioner was patented in 1911 and is the basis for air conditioner technology available today.

Look back for a moment to the world before the widespread use of refrigeration and air conditioning—a world that was still very much present well into the first decades of the 20th century. Only fresh foods that could be grown locally were available, and they had to be purchased and used on a daily basis. Meat was bought during the daily trip to the butcher's; the milkman made his rounds every morning. If you could afford weekly deliveries of ice blocks—harvested in the winter from frozen northern lakes—you could keep some perishable foods around for 2 or 3 days in an icebox. As for the nonexistence of air conditioning, it made summers in southern cities—and many northern ones—insufferable. The nation's capital was a virtual ghost town in the summer months. As late as the 1940s, the 60-story Woolworth Building and other skyscrapers in New York City were equipped with window awnings on every floor to keep direct sunlight from raising temperatures even higher than they already were. Inside the skyscrapers, ceiling and table fans kept the humid air from open windows at least moving around. Throughout the country, homes were built with natural cooling in mind. Ceilings were high, porches were deep and shaded, and windows were placed to take every possible advantage of cross-ventilation.

By the end of the century all that had changed. Fresh foods of all kinds were available just about anywhere in the country all year round—and what wasn't available fresh could be had in convenient frozen form, ready to pop into the microwave. The milkman was all but gone and forgotten, and the butcher now did his work behind a counter at the supermarket. Indeed, many families concentrated the entire week's food shopping into one trip to the market, stocking the refrigerator with perishables that would last a week or more. And on the air-conditioning side of the equation, just about every form of indoor space—office buildings, factories, hospitals, and homes—was climate-controlled and comfortable throughout the year, come heat wave or humidity. New homes looked quite different, with lower rooflines and ceilings, porches that were more for ornament than practicality, and architectural features such as large plate glass picture windows and sliding glass doors. Office buildings got a new look as well, with literally acres of glass stretching from street level to the skyscraping upper floors. Perhaps most significant of all, as a result of air conditioning, people started moving south, reversing a northward demographic trend that had continued through the first half of the century. Since 1940 the nation's fastest-growing states have been in the Southeast and the Southwest, regions that could not have supported large metropolitan communities before air conditioning made the summers tolerable.

More: Jeff Harrell names another forgotten great American, Norman Borlaug. After reading Jeff's post, i'd have to agree.

Posted by: annika at 10:50 PM | Comments (13) | Add Comment
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